Search the Science of Chronic Pain—Intelligently

Ask questions about 21 peer-reviewed studies on brain-based chronic pain and receive AI-generated answers informed by the referenced research, with optional keyword search available.

21 articles · 4,437 total citations
☆ 0 citations 2025

Brief pain reprocessing therapy for fibromyalgia: a feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy pilot

John Sturgeon, Zina Trost, Yoni K Ashar, et al.

Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a common, disabling condition characterized by nociplastic pain—where amplified pain signals originate in the nervous system rather than from tissue damage. Current treatments show modest effectiveness, likely because they don't target the…

★ 10 citations 2024

Application of a Clinical Approach to Diagnosing Primary Pain: Prevalence and Correlates of Primary Back and Neck Pain in a Community Physiatry Clinic

Howard Schubiner, William J. Lowry, Marjorie Heule, et al.

The Journal of Pain

Chronic back and neck pain (CBNP) is the leading cause of disability in the United States, yet its underlying causes remain controversial. While some clinicians attribute CBNP to structural abnormalities found on imaging, research suggests that 80-95% of cases…

★ 25 citations 2024

Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy vs Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Pain in Older Veterans: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Brandon C. Yarns, Nicholas J. Jackson, Alexander Alas, et al.

JAMA Network Open

Chronic pain is a significant and disabling condition in older adults, particularly among veterans who experience higher rates of severe pain and psychiatric comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, and PTSD. While cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the s…

★ 4 citations 2023

Psychophysiologic Symptom Relief Therapy for Post-Acute Sequelae of Coronavirus Disease 2019

Michael Donnino, Patricia Howard, Shivani Mehta, et al.

Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes

Long COVID (post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, or PASC) affects 4-35% of infected individuals and causes significant disability and economic burden. However, many patients experience persistent symptoms despite having only mild-to-moderate acute infection and no…

★ 20 citations 2023

Racism as a Source of Pain

Howard Schubiner, Benita Jackson, Kristine M. Molina, et al.

Journal of General Internal Medicine

This paper addresses a critical health inequity: Black Americans experience disproportionately severe chronic pain compared to White Americans, yet receive less pain screening, referral, and treatment. The authors propose that racism itself—operating at cultur…

★ 37 citations 2022

At the intersection of anger, chronic pain, and the brain: A mini-review

Brandon C. Yarns, Justina T. Cassidy, Amy M. Jimenez

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Chronic pain remains a major healthcare challenge worldwide, yet its underlying causes remain poorly understood. This review focuses on nociplastic pain—a subtype characterized by the absence of clear tissue or nerve damage, including conditions like fibromyal…

★ 210 citations 2021

Effect of Pain Reprocessing Therapy vs Placebo and Usual Care for Patients With Chronic Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Yoni K. Ashar, Alan Gordon, Howard Schubiner, et al.

JAMA Psychiatry

Chronic back pain (CBP) is a leading cause of disability, and in approximately 85% of cases, no specific peripheral pathology can be identified. Current psychological treatments provide limited pain reduction, suggesting a need for novel approaches. This study…

★ 780 citations 2021

Nociplastic pain: towards an understanding of prevalent pain conditions

Mary-Ann Fitzcharles, Steven P Cohen, Daniel J Clauw, et al.

The Lancet

Nociplastic pain represents a third mechanistically distinct category of chronic pain, separate from nociceptive pain (caused by tissue damage) and neuropathic pain (caused by nerve injury). This comprehensive review addresses the need for a new clinical frame…

★ 47 citations 2020

Emotion Regulation as a Transdiagnostic Factor Underlying Co-Occurring Chronic Pain and Problematic Opioid Use

Rachel V. Aaron, Patrick H. Finan, Francis J. Keefe, et al.

American Psychologist

Chronic pain affects 10-30% of adults and children and is increasingly linked to problematic opioid use (CP-POU), creating a significant public health challenge. This narrative review proposes that emotion regulation (ER)—the process of modifying one's emotion…

★ 57 citations 2020

Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy Achieves Greater Pain Reduction than Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Older Adults with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Preliminary Randomized Comparison Trial

Brandon C. Yarns, Mark A. Lumley, Justina T. Cassidy, et al.

Pain Medicine

Chronic pain is highly prevalent in older adults and increasingly recognized as a central nervous system disorder rather than purely a peripheral tissue problem. While cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is considered the gold standard psychological treatment f…

★ 167 citations 2019

Symptom perception, placebo effects, and the Bayesian brain

Giulio Ongaro, Ted J. Kaptchuk

PAIN

This topical review addresses a fundamental challenge to the traditional biomedical model: how to explain symptoms that occur without clear physical pathology and symptom relief from placebo treatments. The authors propose that the Bayesian brain model—which c…

★ 206 citations 2017

Emotional awareness and expression therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and education for fibromyalgia: a cluster-randomized controlled trial

Mark A. Lumley, Howard Schubiner, Nancy A. Lockhart, et al.

PAIN

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain condition affecting 2-4% of adults, predominantly women, characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, and cognitive dysfunction. While cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the gold standard psychological treatment for FM, its…

★ 429 citations 2017

Symptoms and the body: Taking the inferential leap

Omer Van den Bergh, Michael Witthöft, Sibylle Petersen, et al.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

This review addresses a fundamental challenge in medicine: why the subjective experience of physical symptoms often fails to correspond with objective physiological dysfunction. The paper focuses on medically unexplained symptoms (MUS)—prevalent in primary car…

★ 1,392 citations 2015

Interoceptive predictions in the brain

Lisa Feldman Barrett, W. Kyle Simmons

Nature Reviews Neuroscience

For decades, neuroscientists viewed the brain as a passive stimulus-response organ that waits for sensory input before acting. This Opinion article challenges that view by presenting the Embodied Predictive Interoception Coding (EPIC) model, which proposes tha…

★ 627 citations 2011

Social rejection shares somatosensory representations with physical pain

Ethan Kross, Marc G. Berman, Walter Mischel, et al.

PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

The human experience of social rejection is often described using the same language as physical pain—people say rejection "hurts." Prior neuroscience research has shown that both social rejection and physical pain activate brain regions associated with the emo…